Entspannung und Akupunktur zur Reduktion perioperativer Symptome bei Brustkrebspatientinnen: eine randomisiert-kontrollierte Interventionsstudie im Kontext einer integrativ onkologischen Versorgung
Introduction
Breast cancer surgery frequently is associated with high levels of presurgical psychological distress and postsurgical symptoms including pain, nausea and fatigue. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of preoperative acupuncture and relaxation training in improving perioperative symptoms in breast cancer patients.
Methods
120 patients with histologically confirmed primary invasive breast cancer were randomly assigned to one of four study arms: 1. Relaxation training, 2. acupuncture, 3. combination of both therapies and 4. usual care. The interventions took place in the two weeks before surgery. Primary outcome measures were preoperative psychological distress and postoperative pain, both assessed by visual analogue scales (VAS). Secondary outcomes included mood states pre- and postoperatively, assessed by the Profile of Mood States (POMS), postoperative nausea (VAS) and fatigue (VAS). The subjects were examined at four times: baseline, one day before surgery, one day and one week after surgery. The design chosen was a 2 x 2 factorial study design (two-fold cross-classification).
Results
A total of 114 patients (57.9 ±11.4 years) underwent surgery (76.6% breast conserving therapy, 18.3% mastectomy). Relaxation training had a significant effect on preoperative distress (p=0.041) and postoperative pain (p=0.049). The mean difference between patients treated or not treated with relaxation training was VAS -1.0 cm (95% confidence interval (CI): -2.0; -0.0) for distress and VAS -0.9 cm (95% CI: -2.0; -0.0) for pain. Neither a main effect for acupuncture nor interactions of the factors acupuncture and relaxation were found. Practicing relaxation also led to lower preoperative fatigue (POMS: -3.8; 95% CI: -7.2; -0.3, p = 0.032). On the day after surgery, only nausea showed an effect that reached significance level and this was also due to relaxation training (VAS -0.6 cm; 95% CI: -1.1; 0.2, p = 0.008). A week after surgery, there were no significant effects on any of the outcome parameters