Therapieeffekte nach Schilddrüsenrestablation mittels Radiojodtherapie auf die endokrine Orbitopathie bei Morbus Basedow
Die Behandlung der moderat-schweren oder gar visus-bedrohenden endokrinen Orbitopathie gestaltet sich häufig schwierig und langwierig. Neben strikter Rauchabstinenz gilt eine stabile Euthyreose als Basis jeglicher immunsuppressiven oder chirurgischen Therapie. Häufig ist zur Behandlung des meist vorangehenden Morbus Basedow eine Thyreoidektomie indiziert. Bleibt jedoch ein aktiver Schilddrüsenrest bestehen, können die verbliebenen Thyreozyten die Autoimmunreaktion weiterhin triggern und den Schilddrüsenmetabolismus als auch die retroorbitale Entzündungsreaktion negativ beeinflussen.
Radioiodine ablation of thyroid remnants in patients with Graves’ orbitopathy (Oeverhaus et al., 2022).
Purpose: To assess response following ablation of thyroid remnants (ATR) with radioactive iodine therapy (RAIT) in patients with unstable Graves’ orbitopathy (GO) after (subtotal) thyroidectomy.
Methods: 30 patients with mild (n=4, 13%), moderate-to-severe (n=25, 83%) and very severe GO (n=1, 3%) were analyzed in this retrospective study. Primary endpoint was the improvement of GO-related symptoms as assessed by CAS, NOSPECS, and soft-tissue inflammation score 3 and 12 months after ATR. Ablation success was defined by a decrease in 99mTechnetium-uptake (TcTU) on thyroid scintigraphy, remnant volume, and TSH-receptor antibody levels (TRAb) 3 months after ATR.
Results: Twelve months after ATR CAS, NOSPECS, and soft-tissue inflammation scores showed a significant decrease from 2.8 to 1.3 (p=<0.0001), 5.9 to 4.9 (p=0.007), and 4.7 to 2.1 (p=0.0001), respectively. After 3 months 27/30 (90 %) patients had inactive GO and 29/30 (97 %) after 12 months. No new activation of GO occurred. Remnant volume (1.4 vs. 0.4ml, p=<0.0001), mean TRAb titer (19.02 IU/l vs. 13.37 IU/l, p=<0.0001), and TcTU (0.5% vs. 0.1%; n=12; p=0.04) decreased significantly until 3 months after ATR.
Discussion: RAIT after thyroidectomy can successfully ablate residual thyroid remnants leading to an improvement of GO, reduction of inflammatory activity and stabilization of thyroid function. Thus, unstable GO patients after thyroidectomy should be considered for a scintigraphy to rule out a thyroid remnant.