Der Internationale Strafgerichtshof und der Grundsatz der Komplementarität : Eine Herausforderung für die globale Zusammenarbeit
Der 1998 ins Leben gerufene Internationale Strafgerichtshof (IStGH) galt als Meilenstein im Völkerstrafrecht. In den vergangenen Jahren ist er in die Kritik gekommen, nicht zuletzt weil sein Verhältnis zu anderen Gerichtsbarkeiten im Sinne einer Komplementarität nicht hinreichend geklärt wurde. Der Artikel spricht sich für eine stärkere Einbeziehung regionaler Gerichte, wie etwa des Afrikanischen Gerichtshofs für Menschenrechte, aus, um die tiefen Gräben zwischen IStGH und nationalen Gerichten zu überbrücken.
Much of the reticence on the part
of African states to comply with
their ICC obligations, criticism
of the Court by the AU, and its
legitimacy deficit, is attributable
to the compromise reached in the
current formula of the Principle
of Complementarity (PoC). This
central jurisdictional provision in
the Rome Statute establishes the
Court’s jurisdiction as complementary
to the primary jurisdiction of
the State. However, it is by now
evident that the PoC suffers from
acute tension inherent to its exclusivist
dualist formula, limiting the
choice of jurisdiction as between
two actors only—the State and the
Court; and that the Principle has so
far failed to frustrate the ‘impunity
gap’ to which the ICC was designed
to put an end. In this paper, I propose
to overcome this impediment
by expanding the application of the
PoC to also include the jurisdiction of regional courts, in this case, the
African Court on Human and Peoples’
Rights. The latter could serve
as a ‘mediating agent’ bridging deep
chasm separating national courts and
the ICC by incorporating regional
judiciary and non-judiciary mechanisms
as tools to implement the ICC
international criminal law.
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