Nanotechnology is emerging as a crucial field, offering innovative solutions through the precise manipulation of materials at the nanoscale. The development of nanoparticles with distinct properties carries significant implications for various sectors, including electronics, medicine, and energy, potentially transforming how we approach challenges in these areas. This dissertation investigates the production and application of metal alloy nanoparticles using laser-based ablation in liquid, focusing on their structural dynamics within polymer composites and the interplay of key material parameters. To analyze different aspects of the work, the work is organized into four main sections:

Study of LIPSS Structures: This section examines laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) and optimizes the ablation rate during pulsed laser ablation in liquid. The findings demonstrate that equimolar alloys can form LIPSS when their elemental components do, significantly impacting nanoparticle productivity. Techniques such as adjusting laser fluence and employing optical components to enhance ablation efficiency are discussed.

Synthesis of Iron Alloy Particles: Here, the focus shifts to synthesizing and controlling iron alloy nanoparticles, emphasizing the critical need to minimize oxidation during production. The study identifies various oxygen sources and implements strategies to effectively reduce oxidation levels. Different solvents and the introduction of ligands during the ablation process are explored as methods to achieve narrower particle size distributions.

Magnetic Properties and Applications: This section characterizes the magnetic properties of the synthesized nanoparticles, particularly the FeRh alloy, known for its significant magnetocaloric effect. Through temperature-dependent magnetization measurements and Mössbauer spectroscopy, the research confirms transitions between antiferromagnetic and ferromagnetic states, showcasing the potential of these materials for advanced thermal management applications.

Study of Structural Dynamics of Strand Formation: The final section investigates the dynamics of nanoparticle strand formation within a polymer matrix. Utilizing simulations with COMSOL Multiphysics, the research predicts behaviors based on various physical forces. Results indicate that larger particle sizes are necessary for effective strand formation and that higher viscosities can impede this process. The implications for applications, such as modular microswimmers and transparent conductive composites, are substantial, with findings showing that strand formation can enhance electrical conductivity by up to 1000 times.