@Article{duepublico_mods_00081724, author = {Karakoese, Zehra and Ingola, Martha and Sitek, Barbara and Dittmer, Ulf and Sutter, Kathrin}, title = {IFN$\alpha$ Subtypes in HIV Infection and Immunity}, year = {2024}, month = {Feb}, day = {27}, keywords = {HIV; type I IFNs; IFN$\alpha$ subtypes; immunotherapy}, abstract = {Type I interferons (IFN), immediately triggered following most viral infections, play a pivotal role in direct antiviral immunity and act as a bridge between innate and adaptive immune responses. However, numerous viruses have evolved evasion strategies against IFN responses, prompting the exploration of therapeutic alternatives for viral infections. Within the type I IFN family, 12 IFN$\alpha$ subtypes exist, all binding to the same receptor but displaying significant variations in their biological activities. Currently, clinical treatments for chronic virus infections predominantly rely on a single IFN$\alpha$ subtype (IFN$\alpha$2a/b). However, the efficacy of this therapeutic treatment is relatively limited, particularly in the context of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection. Recent investigations have delved into alternative IFN$\alpha$ subtypes, identifying certain subtypes as highly potent, and their antiviral and immunomodulatory properties have been extensively characterized. This review consolidates recent findings on the roles of individual IFN$\alpha$ subtypes during HIV and Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV) infections. It encompasses their induction in the context of HIV/SIV infection, their antiretroviral activity, and the diverse regulation of the immune response against HIV by distinct IFN$\alpha$ subtypes. These insights may pave the way for innovative strategies in HIV cure or functional cure studies.}, note = {<p>The publication of this article was supported by the Publication Fund of the University of Duisburg-Essen.</p> <p>This work was supported by the German Research Foundation [priority program SPP1923 to K.S. (SU1030/1-2), U.D. (DI714/18-2) and B.S. (SI-1785/2-2)].</p>}, note = {<p>Karakoese, Z.; Ingola, M.; Sitek, B.; Dittmer, U.; Sutter, K. IFN$\alpha$ Subtypes in HIV Infection and Immunity. <em>Viruses</em> <strong> 2024</strong>, <em>16</em>, 364. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/v16030364">https://doi.org/10.3390/v16030364</a></p> <p>Published: 27 February 2024</p>}, note = {Version of Record / Verlagsversion}, doi = {10.3390/v16030364}, url = {https://duepublico2.uni-due.de/receive/duepublico_mods_00081724}, url = {https://doi.org/10.3390/v16030364}, file = {:https://duepublico2.uni-due.de/servlets/MCRFileNodeServlet/duepublico_derivate_00081833/viruses_2024_16_364.pdf:PDF}, language = {en} }